Reproductive cycle of sea squirt Pyura chilensis (Urochordata: Ascidiacea) originating from aquaculture mussel systems

Abstract

The solitary sea squirt Pyura chilensis, is considered a resource of economic importance in the artisanal fisheries sector. This organism has a great capability to colonize artificial substrates, taking part in the encrusting fauna in long-line culture systems of ostreid and mussel, affecting the growth efficiency of these resources. For this reason, is necessary to know biological - reproductive aspects of P. chilensis in order to generate new information for future implementation of management plan, conservation and cultivation of this resource in the Región de Los Lagos, Chile. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproductive cycle and settlement patterns of P. chilensis, analyzing the condition index and gonadal histology of organisms which come from a mussel farming system in Estero Huito, Calbuco (41°43’S;73°09’W) during 12 months. In addition, the settlement substrate preference of P. chilensis larvae was examined, using two artificial surfaces. The condition index (wet mass-siphonal distance) showed an increase between June and September, coinciding with low temperatures period and the spawning season (organisms in stage IV). However, recruit presence between November and June shows possible spawning events in other seasons. It was observed between 40 and 100% to gonadal stages II and/or III in the sampled organisms during the study period, which suggest a continuous gametogenesis. In addition, the larval settlement was higher in rough-dark substrate (raschel mesh) than in plastic surface. In conclusion, the study area may be recruiting throughout the year, but at different intensity levels. This information would allow planning the collectors location to attract the seasquirts recruits, generating a continuous production of P. chilensis and decreasing the infestation in others crops.